Calculating vibrator logoperiodic antenna

Broadband log-periodic antenna aimed work without rebuilding ten - twenty fold and the broader range of wavelengths . Log-periodic antenna can be used as antennas connected to the HF and VHF bands , as well as for receiving TV channels . The figure shows the log-periodic antenna, it consists of a series of vibrators connected with consistent variable phase to two-wire line . Dimensions vibrators and the distance between them decreases exponentially towards the connection point of the feeder or coaxial cable. Behind the longest dipole antenna located logoperiodic jumper that improves coordination with feeder . The distance between the jumper and the vibrator is chosen experimentally in the antenna settings. Feeder (coaxial cable with an impedance of 50-75 ohms) goes inside one of the tubes of a double line (no matter through what) . Parameters and log-periodic antennas determine the size structure of the period "t", equal to the ratio of the length to the length of follow- vibrator and the previous angle "a" at the apex of the triangle , which are inscribed vibrators . The closer the structure period "t" by one and the smaller the angle "a", the higher the gain the log-periodic antenna. But this increases the size of the antenna , often choose "t" = 0.8-0.9 and the angle "a" = 30-45 degrees. At each frequency waves in the operating range of the work involved those vibrators, resonant frequencies that are closer to this frequency (3-4 vibrator ) . Strengthening logoperiodic antenna are obtained with approximately 5-7 dB. In order to calculate the size of the log-periodic antenna vibrators need to know the length of the extreme waves Lmax and Lmin operating range. To determine the length of the longest start vibrator l1 it should be 0.55Lmax, built on an isosceles triangle with an angle "a" at the top equal to 30-45 degrees, the base of the triangle will vibrator l1. Second vibrator logoperiodic antenna located at a distance d1 = (0.15-0.18) Lmax from the first. The dimensions of the vibrator are uniquely determined size of the triangle. Likewise, the following dimensions are determined antenna dipoles . Distance d2 = d1 * t, d3 = d1 * t and so on. This arrangement continues until the next length is not equal to oscillator 0.45Lmin, this vibrator will last

H antenna

It is known that a single dipole antenna tuned neslishkom has a high gain. But if you use two of these antennas connected a phased power line, then we can increase the gain of the antenna. The result is an antenna system comprising two types of dipole antennas, is reminiscent of the Latin letter h and with the name of "lying h". This antenna (lying h) feeding points has high input impedance and it soglosovat to the power supply line of arbitrary length requires use quarter wave transformer. Antenna type "bream h" has exactly takuyuzhe radiation pattern in the horizontal plane as the normal dipole antenna. But the radiation pattern in the vertical plane in the investigation narrows the location of two dipoles of each other and that this expense and get a win to be reinforced. But this antenna system has its drawbacks - namely, suspension height. Necessary to lower the dipole antenna "lying h" was at the height of not less than L / 2 + height of the top of the dipole. The approximate gain of the antenna "lying h" 5-6 dB! And it is much more than a single dipole. The figure shows the dimensions of the antenna "lying h" for three ranges of 14, 21, 28 MHz. As the supply line used by the resonant power line, it Is located horizontally to a measure on the longer L / 2. For this it is necessary to use another mast. Radiation pattern is the range of frequencies used.

Vertical delta-loop antenna

This month I would like to share an idea from my sketchpad with you. I am planning to build a vertical delta-loop antenna for 20 meters. The reasons for choosing this design:

• My favourite HF band is 20m
• Delta-loops for 20m are manageable in size
• Loops are quiet on receive
• Vertically polarized loops are well suited for DX

I found the delta-loop overview below at the website of W5SDC:

Delta-loop overview.



My choise of shape will be version D because if offers a low radiation angle, which is necessary for DX. The sketch below shows how I plan to build the antenna:

Delta-loop antenna for 20m.



A delta-loop antenna with ATU was described by WB8IMY and published in QST May 2002: One Stealthy Delta. This article is worth studying if you consider constructing a loop antenna.

OZ1BXM Lars Petersen

Building a 2m quarter-wave ground-plane antenna

The first antenna that you should consider building is the quarter-wave ground-plane antenna for the 2m band. They are very easy to build and will perform better than the antennas that come with most handhelds.

The quarter-wavelength, ground plane antenna is made up of one vertical element, called the driven element, and four radials. The radials make up the ground plane. An easy way to make this antenna is to use an SO-239 coax connector. The driven element is soldered directly to the center conductor, while the four radials are connected to the four holes in the connector’s flange. See the figure at right.

A simple 2m antenna can be made with an SO-239 connector and four short pieces of stiff wire.

 

Now, let’s calculate how long the elements should be. Since the wavelength of a radio wave is equal to 300/f (MHz), one quarter wavelength will be equal to 75/f (MHz). At 146 MHz, therefore, the length of the driven element is:
75/146 = .51 m

In practice, we have to make one more adjustment. Because a radio wave travels more slowly in a wire than it does in free space, the wavelength will actually be about 5% less in a wire than in free space. So, we multiply the wavelength in free space by .95 to get the length of the driven element:

.51m x .95 = .49m = 19.25 inches

The radials should be about 5% longer than the driven element. This isn’t really very critical, so if you make them 20.25 inches long, the antenna will work just fine.

You should make the elements out of a stiff wire. 12 AWG copper wire will work for experimentation purposes. Welding rod might be better for a more permanent antenna.
You need to solder the 19.25-in. driven element to the solder cup of the center conductor of the SO-239 connector. Attach the radials to the holes in the flange of the SO-239 connector with nuts and bolts. You can also use these nuts and bolts to mount the antenna to some kind of bracket. Bend the radials out to a 45-degree angle, connect a coax cable to it, and start having fun

10m loop antenna.

Here’s something interesting about the loop antenna and folded dipole antenna. If you read my blog, you’ll remember that I recently put up a 10m loop antenna.

Well, this loop has a full wavelength of wire and is twice as high as it is wide. In this configuration, the antenna has a feedpoint impedance of 50 ohms.

If you take that same wavelength of wire and configure it so that the height is very small with respect to the width, you have a half-wavelength, folded dipole. In this configuration, the feedpoint impedance is about 300 ohms.

Back in the day, hams used this to make folded dipoles out of 300-ohm twinlead, the same kind of wire used to connect TVs to external antennas. Not only did the twinlead serve as the antenna wire, but it also served as the feedline, and because this twinlead was mass-produced, it was relatively inexpensive. To match the 300-ohm impedance to a transmitter, you did need some kind of transmatch or a balun, but overall, this type of antenna works very well and was cheap to build.

Homemade Yagi Antenna

One of my favorite things to do is talk with other ham radio operators through satellites or the International Space Station (ISS). To do this, I stand on a rooftop and tune a handheld multiband radio while tracing the orbit of a satellite or the ISS with my homemade yagi antenna.
Orbiting satellites such as AO-51, SO-50, and AO-27 act as repeaters, relaying signals from low-power transceivers like mine back to hams elsewhere on the planet. So if you know where to aim the antenna, you can communicate around the world via space. The ISS also has a repeater, and occasionally, when we’re lucky, the astronauts themselves exchange transmissions to communicate with hams on the ground.

To listen to these signals from space, you don’t have to be a licensed ham radio operator, or even stand on the roof. You can do it in your own backyard with an off-the-shelf UHF FM radio. The whip antenna on the radio might let you hear satellites and the ISS, but you’ll get far better reception by making your own yagi antenna, which takes about an hour and costs less than $25 (not including the cost of your radio) using materials from your local hardware store.

http://makezine.com/projects/homemade-yagi-antenna/

VHF wire antenna for field use

As a VHF antenna for field use, you can use the wire antenna for the range of 144-146 MHz. This antenna wire has a sufficiently large size of its length 16 meters 8L is the wavelength. A feature of this wire antenna designed as a radio amateur from Germany is that it is made on insulating cord. All elements of VHF antenna made ​​of wire with a diameter of 3 mm. Part of Directors of the wire are the same size equal to 915 mm (antenna DJ4OB in the figure below). The vibrator is made of a wire or tubing of different diameters, the material from which the tubes are made to be the same. The upper antenna element DJ4OB vibrator has a diameter of 8 mm and a bottom diameter of 2 mm. Input impedance of wire antennas for VHF band 144-146 MHz is about 240 ohms. The antenna gain of about 15 dB. Since the antenna is a rigid base (yoke), it can easily be rolled up and thereby transported to the place of deployment. This wire antenna can operate only in one direction for obvious reasons.

small active antenna

This small active antenna published in the German magazine Funkamateur, 1999, № 7 is designed for receivers operating in the range from 6 to 30 MHz, provides radio stations in several radio and amateur radio bands . Active antenna has an input impedance of 50 ohms and is a frame , the frame is set to the operating frequency of a variable capacitor (C1). Frame active antenna is connected to the amplifier using bipolar transistors and field . FETs provide high input impedance and low input capacitance . This allows you to completely connect the frame to the amplifier and get a high transmission factor devices , as well as a large block without switching bandwidth. The amplifier of an active antenna used high field and bipolar transistors with a cut frequency of about 5 GHz. If the transformer T1 is made correctly you can get the bandwidth of the amplifier 1 ... 100 MHz. Transfer coefficient with its input to the load 50 ohm - about 1. Inductor L1 circuit FET drain VT1 and VT3 need to increase the input impedance of the amplifier at the high operating frequency portion of an active antenna . Chain of diodes VD1-VD6 need for voltage stabilization ( 4volta ) on the bases of bipolar transistors . Application Zener is not justified , since they generate a high-frequency noise stabilization mode can negate all the advantages of the amplifier. Current consumption of less than 3 mA , so it can be powered by compact battery 9 V . Transformer T1 is made on the annular yoke size K13h7 , 9h6 , 4 mm of ferrite with an initial permeability of 800 . I contain three winding coil and the winding II and III - 20 turns. Wire - Litz wire . Frame active antenna is formed from copper tubing with a diameter of 16 mm and has a ring shape with a slit 1m diameter , which is placed in the variable capacitor C1. Conclusions from the stator is connected to the frame and the rotor or not connected to anything . This minimizes the impact of hands when setting the operating frequency of the antenna . Frame mounted vertically on the insulating base on which you installed the capacitor C1 and the other elements of the amplifier , the battery power to the switch . The upper part of the frame is supported by a vertical bar insulation . Along it to the amplifier goes wire removal from the frame (just from its center ) . Q-factor framework for the 6 MHz - about 1000 . This provides a high transmission ratio device as a whole , and good filtering interfering radio signals . If the interfering station is receiving a strong signal and operates at a frequency close to the resonant frequency of the active antenna amplifier nonlinear effects manifest . Since the frame has a spatial selection , then these problems can be eliminated partially optimal orientation of the frame.

wire antenna w3dzz

Amateur radio is very popular among the wire antenna w3dzz, description and operation of this wire antenna often occurs in amateur literature . This popular wire antenna w3dzz is that with small linear dimensions , it can work in several amateur bands . The figure shows a further embodiment of the antenna w3dzz. This version of the wire antenna is designed to work in the amateur bands 1.9 , 3.6, 7, 28 MHz . Total length of the antenna about 67 meters. To connect to the transmitter output w3dzz can use a coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 50 or 75 ohms. Coils are wound on a frame 25mm in diameter of a copper conductor with a dielectric diameter of 1 mm, number of revolutions 38. Capacity (c1 and c2) capacitors antenna is 470 pF (four series-connected capacitor with a total capacity of 470 pF ) , the voltage at which shall be calculated these capacitors should be at least 500 volts. These capacitors are located inside the mandrels and are filled with sealant. Frequency tuning L1C1 and L2C2 is 3580 kHz . VSWR w3dzz at frequencies from 1840 to 3580 not more than 1.5, 7.1 and 7 ... 28.2 ... 28.7 - 2.